Hacking videos from Black Hack USA 2022 are now available on YouTube.
Direct link to YouTube playlist here - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH15HpR5qRsVKcKwvIl-AzGfRqKyx--zq
Happy learning,
AWS Organisation get only the account name from the account id
import boto3
organizations = boto3.client('organizations')
organizations.describe_account(AccountId='123456789012')
account_name = organizations.describe_account(AccountId='123456789012')['Account']['Name']
print(account_name)
Hacking Google series 2022
Five elite security teams.
Six never-before-told stories.
Go behind the scenes with the hacking teams at Google keeping more people safe online than anyone else in the world.
Youtube playlist for the series
Thank you Security Now for the mention and thank you Google for creating these series!
Learning by doing, enjoy learning!
import json
import urllib.parse
import boto3
import os
sns_topic_arn = os.environ['sns_topic_arn']
print('Loading function')
s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
sns_client = boto3.client('sns')
# useful links
# https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/main/python/example_code/s3/s3_basics/presigned_url.py
# https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html#S3.Client.generate_presigned_url
# https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-presigned-urls.html
# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/with-s3-tutorial.html
def lambda_handler(event, context):
#print("Received event: " + json.dumps(event, indent=2))
#print('This is sns_topic_arn: {}.'.format(sns_topic_arn))
# Get the object from the event and show its content type
bucket = event['Records'][0]['s3']['bucket']['name']
key = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key'], encoding='utf-8')
try:
response = s3_client.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
#print("CONTENT TYPE: " + response['ContentType'])
#print('Object name `{}` from bucket `{}`.'.format(key, bucket))
url = s3_client.generate_presigned_url(
ClientMethod='get_object',
Params={'Bucket': bucket, 'Key': key},
ExpiresIn='25200' #7 days
)
#print('This is the result URL - {} '.format(url))
#presigned_url_for_email = '<a href="{}">Your private link for download</a>'.format(url)
#print(presigned_url_for_email)
response = sns_client.publish(
TopicArn=sns_topic_arn,
Message='Notification for bucket {}. \nA new file name {} was added. \n\nHere is the link for download: \n\n {} \n\nPlease let us know if you need a new link as for security they expire after 1 hour. \nThank you. \nThe fantastic staff.'.format(bucket, key, url),
Subject='Bucket notification - new file {}'.format(key)
)
return 0
#response['ContentType']
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print('Error getting object {} from bucket {}. Make sure they exist and your bucket is in the same region as this function.'.format(key, bucket))
raise e
Sample lambda functions that run based on S3 event trigger on s3:ObjectCreated.
UPDATE
Upload objects greater than 16MB+ requires the additional event trigger of s3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload.
Kudus for AWS Support for helping me with the troubleshoot.
1) SNS topic with email, txt, ... subscribers.
2) Create S3 event trigger with the lambda funtion as a target
S3 events for:
s3:ObjectCreated:Put
s3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload
3) Target a lambda functions to run below logic
Use at your own responsability. << Upload objects greater than 16MB+ requires the additional event trigger of s3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload.
Kudus for AWS Support for helping me with the troubleshoot.
S3 events trigger for:
s3:ObjectCreated:Put
s3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload
Objects greater than 16MB are getting uploaded as a Multipart uploads.
Multipart upload allows us to upload a single object as a set of parts. Each part is a contiguous portion of the object's data.
S3 bucket event s3:ObjectCreated:Put provides notification when an object is created by an HTTP PUT operation.
S3 bucket event s3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload provides notification for an object which was created by the completion of a S3 multi-part upload.
Documentation
Multipart upload - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/mpuoverview.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/enable-event-notifications.html
Happy learning
Antonio Feijao
Private event
Event location address
Delta Force Paintball East London 1 Aveley Rd, Upminster RM14 2TN
Google maps link - https://goo.gl/maps/jcaCaLXtZ1aVEGMv8
Message from the organisation:
"Many thanks for your booking.
Please note that all players must complete an Online Registration Form before they are allowed to play.
This should be done before arriving at the centre so as to ensure smooth entry on the day of your event.
Completing registration in advance allows you to start playing sooner, and mobile reception may be limited at the centre and therefore your registration process may be difficult to complete on the day.
To complete your Online Registration Form please click the button below.
(Antonio to share the link in private)
This email can be forwarded on to your other players, or you can forward the link to your unique Online Registration Portal to your group via SMS, Facebook or WhatsApp by copying the link below.
Once you have completed your Online Registration Form you can click the Home button in the top left corner of the registration portal and then click the yellow Registered button in the top right corner to see a list of all of the registered players. If there are any players yet to register then please remind them in advance so as to fast track your arrival on the day.
If you have any further queries do not hesitate to give me a call or email me.
Kind regards,
Nancy Mills
Event Co-ordinator
0203 869 9135*
TIP - Use the video controls to change the playback speed.
I learned these steps initially from this video https://youtu.be/7Ron6MN45LY - Learn How to Solve a Rubik's Cube in 10 Minutes (Beginner Tutorial)
(Detailed videos for each step coming soon...)
Happy learning,
Antonio Feijao
Testing some commands with python3 and boto3
The below error message, shows very usefull information. I can see all the boto3.client's name that I can use.
Does anyone knows how to get the list without using the error?
Input
import boto3
boto3.client(dir)
output (tweaked to show the services names in a multi line list)
UnknownServiceError: Unknown service: '<built-in function dir>'.
Valid service names are:
accessanalyzer,
account,
acm,
acm-pca,
alexaforbusiness,
amp,
amplify,
amplifybackend,
amplifyuibuilder,
apigateway,
apigatewaymanagementapi,
apigatewayv2,
appconfig,
appconfigdata,
appflow,
appintegrations,
application-autoscaling,
application-insights,
applicationcostprofiler,
appmesh,
apprunner,
appstream,
appsync,
athena,
auditmanager,
autoscaling,
autoscaling-plans,
backup,
backup-gateway,
batch,
braket,
budgets,
ce,
chime,
chime-sdk-identity,
chime-sdk-meetings,
chime-sdk-messaging,
cloud9,
cloudcontrol,
clouddirectory,
cloudformation,
cloudfront,
cloudhsm,
cloudhsmv2,
cloudsearch,
cloudsearchdomain,
cloudtrail,
cloudwatch,
codeartifact,
codebuild,
codecommit,
codedeploy,
codeguru-reviewer,
codeguruprofiler,
codepipeline,
codestar,
codestar-connections,
codestar-notifications,
cognito-identity,
cognito-idp,
cognito-sync,
comprehend,
comprehendmedical,
compute-optimizer,
config,
connect,
connect-contact-lens,
connectparticipant,
cur,
customer-profiles,
databrew,
dataexchange,
datapipeline,
datasync,
dax,
detective,
devicefarm,
devops-guru,
directconnect,
discovery,
dlm,
dms,
docdb,
drs,
ds,
dynamodb,
dynamodbstreams,
ebs,
ec2,
ec2-instance-connect,
ecr,
ecr-public,
ecs,
efs,
eks,
elastic-inference,
elasticache,
elasticbeanstalk,
elastictranscoder,
elb,
elbv2,
emr,
emr-containers,
es,
events,
evidently,
finspace,
finspace-data,
firehose,
fis,
fms,
forecast,
forecastquery,
frauddetector,
fsx,
gamelift,
glacier,
globalaccelerator,
glue,
grafana,
greengrass,
greengrassv2,
groundstation,
guardduty,
health,
healthlake,
honeycode,
iam,
identitystore,
imagebuilder,
importexport,
inspector,
inspector2,
iot,
iot-data,
iot-jobs-data,
iot1click-devices,
iot1click-projects,
iotanalytics,
iotdeviceadvisor,
iotevents,
iotevents-data,
iotfleethub,
iotsecuretunneling,
iotsitewise,
iotthingsgraph,
iottwinmaker,
iotwireless,
ivs,
kafka,
kafkaconnect,
kendra,
kinesis,
kinesis-video-archived-media,
kinesis-video-media,
kinesis-video-signaling,
kinesisanalytics,
kinesisanalyticsv2,
kinesisvideo,
kms,
lakeformation,
lambda,
lex-models,
lex-runtime,
lexv2-models,
lexv2-runtime,
license-manager,
lightsail,
location,
logs,
lookoutequipment,
lookoutmetrics,
lookoutvision,
machinelearning,
macie,
macie2,
managedblockchain,
marketplace-catalog,
marketplace-entitlement,
marketplacecommerceanalytics,
mediaconnect,
mediaconvert,
medialive,
mediapackage,
mediapackage-vod,
mediastore,
mediastore-data,
mediatailor,
memorydb,
meteringmarketplace,
mgh,
mgn,
migration-hub-refactor-spaces,
migrationhub-config,
migrationhubstrategy,
mobile,
mq,
mturk,
mwaa,
neptune,
network-firewall,
networkmanager,
nimble,
opensearch,
opsworks,
opsworkscm,
organizations,
outposts,
panorama,
personalize,
personalize-events,
personalize-runtime,
pi,
pinpoint,
pinpoint-email,
pinpoint-sms-voice,
polly,
pricing,
proton,
qldb,
qldb-session,
quicksight,
ram,
rbin,
rds,
rds-data,
redshift,
redshift-data,
rekognition,
resiliencehub,
resource-groups,
resourcegroupstaggingapi,
robomaker,
route53,
route53-recovery-cluster,
route53-recovery-control-config,
route53-recovery-readiness,
route53domains,
route53resolver,
rum,
s3,
s3control,
s3outposts,
sagemaker,
sagemaker-a2i-runtime,
sagemaker-edge,
sagemaker-featurestore-runtime,
sagemaker-runtime,
savingsplans,
schemas,
sdb,
secretsmanager,
securityhub,
serverlessrepo,
service-quotas,
servicecatalog,
servicecatalog-appregistry,
servicediscovery,
ses,
sesv2,
shield,
signer,
sms,
sms-voice,
snow-device-management,
snowball,
sns,
sqs,
ssm,
ssm-contacts,
ssm-incidents,
sso,
sso-admin,
sso-oidc,
stepfunctions,
storagegateway,
sts,
support,
swf,
synthetics,
textract,
timestream-query,
timestream-write,
transcribe,
transfer,
translate,
voice-id,
waf,
waf-regional,
wafv2,
wellarchitected,
wisdom,
workdocs,
worklink,
workmail,
workmailmessageflow,
workspaces,
workspaces-web,
xray
A curiosity...
I echod all the aww services' names to wc -l to get a count of the services.
See for yourself how many boto3.client client has,
which, should give us an idea of how many services AWS has.
echo "accessanalyzer, account, acm, acm-pca, alexaforbusiness, amp, amplify, amplifybackend, amplifyuibuilder, apigateway, apigatewaymanagementapi, apigatewayv2, appconfig, appconfigdata, appflow, appintegrations, application-autoscaling, application-insights, applicationcostprofiler, appmesh, apprunner, appstream, appsync, athena, auditmanager, autoscaling, autoscaling-plans, backup, backup-gateway, batch, braket, budgets, ce, chime, chime-sdk-identity, chime-sdk-meetings, chime-sdk-messaging, cloud9, cloudcontrol, clouddirectory, cloudformation, cloudfront, cloudhsm, cloudhsmv2, cloudsearch, cloudsearchdomain, cloudtrail, cloudwatch, codeartifact, codebuild, codecommit, codedeploy, codeguru-reviewer, codeguruprofiler, codepipeline, codestar, codestar-connections, codestar-notifications, cognito-identity, cognito-idp, cognito-sync, comprehend, comprehendmedical, compute-optimizer, config, connect, connect-contact-lens, connectparticipant, cur, customer-profiles, databrew, dataexchange, datapipeline, datasync, dax, detective, devicefarm, devops-guru, directconnect, discovery, dlm, dms, docdb, drs, ds, dynamodb, dynamodbstreams, ebs, ec2, ec2-instance-connect, ecr, ecr-public, ecs, efs, eks, elastic-inference, elasticache, elasticbeanstalk, elastictranscoder, elb, elbv2, emr, emr-containers, es, events, evidently, finspace, finspace-data, firehose, fis, fms, forecast, forecastquery, frauddetector, fsx, gamelift, glacier, globalaccelerator, glue, grafana, greengrass, greengrassv2, groundstation, guardduty, health, healthlake, honeycode, iam, identitystore, imagebuilder, importexport, inspector, inspector2, iot, iot-data, iot-jobs-data, iot1click-devices, iot1click-projects, iotanalytics, iotdeviceadvisor, iotevents, iotevents-data, iotfleethub, iotsecuretunneling, iotsitewise, iotthingsgraph, iottwinmaker, iotwireless, ivs, kafka, kafkaconnect, kendra, kinesis, kinesis-video-archived-media, kinesis-video-media, kinesis-video-signaling, kinesisanalytics, kinesisanalyticsv2, kinesisvideo, kms, lakeformation, lambda, lex-models, lex-runtime, lexv2-models, lexv2-runtime, license-manager, lightsail, location, logs, lookoutequipment, lookoutmetrics, lookoutvision, machinelearning, macie, macie2, managedblockchain, marketplace-catalog, marketplace-entitlement, marketplacecommerceanalytics, mediaconnect, mediaconvert, medialive, mediapackage, mediapackage-vod, mediastore, mediastore-data, mediatailor, memorydb, meteringmarketplace, mgh, mgn, migration-hub-refactor-spaces, migrationhub-config, migrationhubstrategy, mobile, mq, mturk, mwaa, neptune, network-firewall, networkmanager, nimble, opensearch, opsworks, opsworkscm, organizations, outposts, panorama, personalize, personalize-events, personalize-runtime, pi, pinpoint, pinpoint-email, pinpoint-sms-voice, polly, pricing, proton, qldb, qldb-session, quicksight, ram, rbin, rds, rds-data, redshift, redshift-data, rekognition, resiliencehub, resource-groups, resourcegroupstaggingapi, robomaker, route53, route53-recovery-cluster, route53-recovery-control-config, route53-recovery-readiness, route53domains, route53resolver, rum, s3, s3control, s3outposts, sagemaker, sagemaker-a2i-runtime, sagemaker-edge, sagemaker-featurestore-runtime, sagemaker-runtime, savingsplans, schemas, sdb, secretsmanager, securityhub, serverlessrepo, service-quotas, servicecatalog, servicecatalog-appregistry, servicediscovery, ses, sesv2, shield, signer, sms, sms-voice, snow-device-management, snowball, sns, sqs, ssm, ssm-contacts, ssm-incidents, sso, sso-admin, sso-oidc, stepfunctions, storagegateway, sts, support, swf, synthetics, textract, timestream-query, timestream-write, transcribe, transfer, translate, voice-id, waf, waf-regional, wafv2, wellarchitected, wisdom, workdocs, worklink, workmail, workmailmessageflow, workspaces, workspaces-web, xray" | tr ' ' '\n' | wc -l
299
(...) | tr ' ' '\n' | wc -l
299
299 AWS boto3 client or 299 AWS Services? (checked on 2022-03-24)
Here is an example of the second service name. The number [1] shows a second position in the array. [0] if the first position, first value.
input
import boto3
securityhub = boto3.client('securityhub')
securityhub.describe_products()['Products'][1]
output
{'ProductArn': 'arn:aws:securityhub:xxxxxx:xxxxxx:product/armordefense/armoranywhere',
'ProductName': 'Armor Anywhere',
'CompanyName': 'ARMOR',
'Description': 'Armor Anywhere delivers managed security and compliance for AWS.',
'Categories': ['Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)'],
'IntegrationTypes': ['SEND_FINDINGS_TO_SECURITY_HUB'],
'MarketplaceUrl': 'https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/seller-profile?id=797425f4-6823-xxxxxx',
'ActivationUrl': 'https://amp.armor.com/account/cloud-connections',
'ProductSubscriptionResourcePolicy': '{"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Principal":{"AWS":"xxxxxx"},"Action":["securityhub:BatchImportFindings"],"Resource":"arn:aws:securityhub:xxxxxx:xxxxxx:product-subscription/armordefense/armoranywhere","Condition":{"StringEquals":{"securityhub:TargetAccount":"xxxxxx"}}},{"Effect":"Allow","Principal":{"AWS":"xxxxxx"},"Action":["securityhub:BatchImportFindings"],"Resource":"arn:aws:securityhub:xxxxxx:xxxxxx:product/armordefense/armoranywhere","Condition":{"StringEquals":{"securityhub:TargetAccount":"xxxxxx"}}}]}'}
Now, let's use a for loop to list through all services names.
initialising the variable companies
and running a for loop to add all companies into the variable companies
companies = []
for CompanyName in securityhub.describe_products()['Products']:
print(CompanyName['CompanyName'])
companies.append(CompanyName['CompanyName'])
(...)
Then, to remove duplicate services names in the variable companies, we can use dict.fromkeys to remove duplicates.
```python list(dict.fromkeys(companies))
['3CORESec', 'ARMOR', 'AWS', 'Alert Logic', 'Amazon', 'Aqua Security', 'Atlassian', 'AttackIQ', 'Barracuda Networks', 'BigID', 'Blue Hexagon', 'Capitis', 'Caveonix', 'Check Point', 'Cloud Custodian', 'Cloud Storage Security', 'CrowdStrike', 'CyberArk', 'DisruptOps, Inc.', 'FireEye', 'Forcepoint', 'Fugue', 'Guardicore', 'HackerOne', 'IBM'] ```
Easy way to find duplicated files in a folder or in all disk
find . -type f -name "*" -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} shasum -a 256 {}
Or course, output the above command to a file, cut -f 1, then sort and pipe it into uniq -c to count duplicates
find . -type f -name "*.JPG" -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} shasum -a 256 {} > finding-duplicates.txt
cat finding-duplicates.txt | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -n10
grep 30848de6dba6f90bef4027fbf97a66dcc6f1f2eb3e8a6e47f0e9ce3fc411ce79 finding-duplicates.txt
of course, we now can automate this to keep the first file but move the duplicated into a backup folder before deleting them.
Example of my output on a folder with old photos that got duplicated over type... some photo is now 6x duplicated... time to automate tidying up!
Happy learning,
Antonio Feijao
So, if you just start learning Python 3, where are some tips to help you start.
Assume you already installed Python 3 and is worked properly, here is simple commands to start.
Start the python3 then type import this, and you should get the output below.
Basically is a "best practices" for coding.
import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
The help() command will be like a manual and samples commands
help()
Welcome to Python 3.8's help utility!
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at https://docs.python.org/3.8/tutorial/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".
To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type
"modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics". Each module also comes
with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose name
or summary contain a given string such as "spam", type "modules spam".
After executing help(), simply type modules.
help> modules
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...
IPython _tracemalloc gzip secrets
__future__ _uuid hashlib select
_abc _warnings heapq selectors
_ast _weakref hmac shelve
_asyncio _weakrefset html shlex
_bisect _xxsubinterpreters http shutil
_blake2 _xxtestfuzz imaplib signal
_bootlocale abc imghdr site
_bz2 aifc imp sitecustomize
_codecs antigravity importlib six
_codecs_cn argparse inspect smtpd
_codecs_hk array io smtplib
_codecs_iso2022 ast ipaddress sndhdr
_codecs_jp asynchat ipython_genutils socket
_codecs_kr asyncio itertools socketserver
_codecs_tw asyncore jedi spwd
_collections atexit json sqlite3
_collections_abc audioop keyword sre_compile
_compat_pickle autoreload linecache sre_constants
_compression backcall locale sre_parse
_contextvars base64 logging ssl
_crypt bdb lzma stat
_csv binascii mailbox statistics
_ctypes binhex mailcap storemagic
_ctypes_test bisect marshal string
_curses builtins math stringprep
_curses_panel bz2 mimetypes struct
_datetime cProfile mmap subprocess
_dbm calendar modulefinder sunau
_decimal cgi multiprocessing symbol
_dummy_thread cgitb netrc sympyprinting
_elementtree chunk nis symtable
_functools cmath nntplib sys
_hashlib cmd ntpath sysconfig
_heapq code nturl2path syslog
_imp codecs numbers tabnanny
_io codeop opcode tarfile
_json collections operator telnetlib
_locale colorsys optparse tempfile
_lsprof compileall os termios
_lzma concurrent ossaudiodev test
_markupbase configparser parser tests
_md5 contextlib parso textwrap
_multibytecodec contextvars pathlib this
_multiprocessing copy pdb threading
_opcode copyreg pexpect time
_operator crypt pickle timeit
_osx_support csv pickleshare token
_pickle ctypes pickletools tokenize
_posixshmem curses pipes trace
_posixsubprocess cythonmagic pkg_resources traceback
_py_abc dataclasses pkgutil tracemalloc
_pydecimal datetime platform traitlets
_pyio dbm plistlib tty
_queue decimal poplib turtle
_random decorator posix types
_sha1 difflib posixpath typing
_sha256 dis pprint unicodedata
_sha3 distutils profile unittest
_sha512 doctest prompt_toolkit urllib
_signal dummy_threading pstats uu
_sitebuiltins email pty uuid
_socket encodings ptyprocess venv
_sqlite3 enum pwd warnings
_sre errno py_compile wave
_ssl faulthandler pyclbr wcwidth
_stat fcntl pydoc weakref
_statistics filecmp pydoc_data webbrowser
_string fileinput pyexpat wsgiref
_strptime fnmatch pygments xdrlib
_struct formatter queue xml
_symtable fractions quopri xmlrpc
_sysconfigdata__linux_x86_64-linux-gnu ftplib random xxlimited
_sysconfigdata__x86_64-linux-gnu functools re xxsubtype
_testbuffer gc readline zipapp
_testcapi genericpath reprlib zipfile
_testimportmultiple getopt resource zipimport
_testinternalcapi getpass rlcompleter zlib
_testmultiphase gettext rmagic
_thread glob runpy
_threading_local grp sched
Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search
for modules whose name or summary contain the string "spam".
help>
help> topics
Here is a list of available topics. Enter any topic name to get more help.
ASSERTION DELETION LOOPING SHIFTING
ASSIGNMENT DICTIONARIES MAPPINGMETHODS SLICINGS
ATTRIBUTEMETHODS DICTIONARYLITERALS MAPPINGS SPECIALATTRIBUTES
ATTRIBUTES DYNAMICFEATURES METHODS SPECIALIDENTIFIERS
AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT ELLIPSIS MODULES SPECIALMETHODS
BASICMETHODS EXCEPTIONS NAMESPACES STRINGMETHODS
BINARY EXECUTION NONE STRINGS
BITWISE EXPRESSIONS NUMBERMETHODS SUBSCRIPTS
BOOLEAN FLOAT NUMBERS TRACEBACKS
CALLABLEMETHODS FORMATTING OBJECTS TRUTHVALUE
CALLS FRAMEOBJECTS OPERATORS TUPLELITERALS
CLASSES FRAMES PACKAGES TUPLES
CODEOBJECTS FUNCTIONS POWER TYPEOBJECTS
COMPARISON IDENTIFIERS PRECEDENCE TYPES
COMPLEX IMPORTING PRIVATENAMES UNARY
CONDITIONAL INTEGER RETURNING UNICODE
CONTEXTMANAGERS LISTLITERALS SCOPING
CONVERSIONS LISTS SEQUENCEMETHODS
DEBUGGING LITERALS SEQUENCES
help>
help> http
Help on package http:
NAME
http
MODULE REFERENCE
https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/http
The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python
source files. It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that
are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python
implementations. When in doubt, consult the module reference at the
location listed above.
PACKAGE CONTENTS
client
cookiejar
cookies
server
CLASSES
enum.IntEnum(builtins.int, enum.Enum)
HTTPStatus
(....)
you get the idea...
import http
dir(http)
['HTTPStatus',
'IntEnum',
'__all__',
'__builtins__',
'__cached__',
'__doc__',
'__file__',
'__loader__',
'__name__',
'__package__',
'__path__',
'__spec__',
'client']
var1 = 'a'
var2 = 1
var3 = ('a','b','c')
var4 = ['a','b','c']
var5={'Website':'AntonioFeijao.com','LinkedIn':'AntonioFeijaoUK'}
type(var1)
str
type(var2)
int
type(var3)
tuple
type(var4)
list
type(var5)
dict
On this page I mentioned :
* import this
* help()
* help> modules
* help> topics
* help> http
* dir(imported_module)
* type(var...)
I hope these tips will help you explore Python 3 further and at the same time having some fun.
There are, of course various free resources online,
for example this one https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python3/index.htm .
Have fun learning,
Antonio Feijao